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Background@#Nucleic acid sequencing is a multi-step process taken place in medical research or diagnostic laboratories. Since the emerge of second generation sequencing technology generally referred as next generation sequencing (NGS), the mass parallel reads covering human genome or transcriptome is achieved by cost cut down over thousand folds. Though the technology made tremendous push forward to various applications, its data analysis time and effort still takes worrisome time and human effort, bringing the emerge of next-step demand: targeted mass sequencing of only desired part from human genome or transcriptome with lower material cost and labor. By targeted sequencing, both run cost and data analysis process can be further cut down, and the read results are more reliable on changes such as determining varied number of repeats, heterozygote alleles, deletions, chromosomal scale abnormality and more. @*Objective@#In this study, we explored the utilization of biotinylated RNA baits on captured sequencing of cancer marker genes functional regions.@*Method@#Targeted NGS was achieved by capturing desired genomic regions using preparatory nucleic acid probes. RNA bait capturing of desired genomic regions has shown to have high specificity and quality. </br> The study was carried out with informed consent obtained from patients, with the approval №53 in 2018.03.15 by Medical Ethics committee, Ministry of Health, Mongolia.@*Result@#By preparing library of biotinylated RNA baits with 75000 unique sequences, we achieved mass parallel sequencing of human 410 cancer-marker-genes’ exons and UTRs with average read depth ~760, and covered thousands of SNPs on 5 genomic DNA samples. Tissue samples derived from breast cancer and ovary cancer had SNP and deletion on 7 marker genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, BRIP1, PTEN, TP53, RAD51C) not registered in database.@*Conclusion@#Experiments showed RNA baits with up to 117 nucleotide length, produced from ssDNA oligonucleotide stock, can be utilized to capture desired regions of human genome, and bring the cost of captured mass sequencing to 1500 USD, with 93.14-93.33% of Q30 read quality.
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Introduction@#Electrolyte values are measured by two different analyzers: arterial blood gas (Point of care) and auto-analyzers. Those two has different methods to measure electrolytes and have several pros and cons. We evaluated if there was agreement between whole blood electrolytes measured by a point-of-care device and serum electrolytes measured using indirect ion-selective electrodes. @*Materials and methods@#An observational cohort study was conducted in 50 paired venous samples from patients admitted in Gurvan gal central hospital. Those were analyzed on OPTC blood gas devise and Roche c-501 auto-analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-test and persons’ correlation test. @*Results@#Sodium mean range was 138.54 mmol/l (SD=3.69) by blood gas analyser, but by the automated analyser mean range was 140.75 mmol/l (SD=4.45). Mean difference of the normal sodium group was 1.77 (SD=1.65, p=0.039), and hyposodium group was 4.4 (SD=0.33, p=0.007). Pottasium mean range was 3.13 mmol/l (SD=0.53) by blood gas analyser, but by the automated analyser mean range was 4.42 mmol/l (SD=0.45). Mean difference of the normal sodium group was 0.18 (p<0.001), and hypokalemi group was 1.44 (p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#Clinicians should be aware of the difference between whole blood and serum electrolytes. A correction factor needs to be determined at each laboratory.
ABSTRACT
Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality in many countries. Acute coronary syndrome is the basis pathophysiology of coronary heart disease. Complication of coronary atherosclerosis composes rupture of plaque and erosion of vulnerable plaque. Endothelial dysfunction is main influence of coronary plaque erosion. But then recently research oxidative stress and reaction ofimmunocomplex is leading cause of coronary plaque rupture. So the research background will study markers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune reaction in the complication of coronaryatherosclerosis. Aim: Determine the effect of some marker for causing complication of the coronary atherosclerosis.The research has been conducted using case-control study method. In the case group, patients with complication of the coronary atherosclerosis as determined by coronary angiography (stenosis >85%) as in the control group healthy people with carotid artery stenosis (<0.7mm) has been involved. In the study we defined Anti-oxLDL (anti-oxidized low density lipoprotein) using ELISA Kit (Eucardio Lab, USA) and oxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein) titer by ELISA Kit (Mercadio, USA), ADMA (Asymmetric dimethylarginine) titer by ELISA kit (Eucardio Lab, USA) reagents in the enzyme binding reaction. Totalantioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by using spectrophotometer method. The average age of people involved in the research is 57.2±9.72 and for the average age is case group 28 (32%) and 50 (68%) for the control group. ADMA titer level for complication of coronaryatherosclerosis or case group is (30.1±1.98 ng/ml) which is (13.2±0.57 ng/ml) greater than the control group. It was statistically significant result (p<0.001). Also titer level for case group is oxLDL (72±2.75 mU/l), anti-oxLDL antibody (766±29.8 mU/ml), which is oxLDL (45.1±2.28 mU/l), anti-oxLDL antibody(603±17.74 mU/ml) greater than the control group. It was statistically significant result (p<0.001). But TAC titer level for control group is (116±2.47 nmol/l) which is (108.3±5.43 nmol/l) greater thanthe case group. It was not statistically significant result (p=0.098). According to the Binary LogisticRegression test the anti-oxLDL (OR=0.992, p<0.001), ADMA (OR=0.681, p<0.001), TAC (OR=1.017, p=0.105), oxLDL (OR=0.900, p<0.001) levels significantly influence the complication of coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore according to the Binary Logistic Regression test the anti-oxLDL level high significantly influence the complication of coronary atherosclerosis. Anti-oxLDL antibody titer arecorrelated directly with oxLDL (r=0.413, p<0.01), ADMA (r=0.42, p<0.001) levels. However, correlated negative directly with TAC (r=-0.233, p<0.01) level.Markers of endothelial dysfunction (ADMA OR=0.681, p<0.001) and oxidative stress (oxLDL, OR=0.900, p<0.001), (anti-oxLDL antibody, OR=0.992, p<0.001) high influence causing of complication of coronary atherosclerosis.
ABSTRACT
Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality in many countries. Acute coronary syndrome is the basis pathophysiology of coronary heart disease. Complication of coronary atherosclerosis composes rupture of plaque and erosion of vulnerable plaque. Endothelial dysfunction is main influence of coronary plaque erosion. But then recently research oxidative stress and reaction of immunocomplex is leading cause of coronary plaque rupture. So the research background will study markers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune reaction in the complication of coronaryatherosclerosis. Aim: Determine the effect of some marker for causing complication of the coronary atherosclerosis. The research has been conducted using case-control study method. In the case group, patients with complication of the coronary atherosclerosis as determined by coronary angiography (stenosis >85%) as in the control group healthy people with carotid artery stenosis (<0.7mm) has been involved. In the study we defined Anti-oxLDL (anti-oxidized low density lipoprotein) using ELISA Kit (Eucardio Lab, USA) and oxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein) titer by ELISA Kit (Mercadio, USA), ADMA (Asymmetric dimethylarginine) titer by ELISA kit (Eucardio Lab, USA) reagents in the enzyme binding reaction. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by using spectrophotometer method. The average age of people involved in the research is 57.2±9.72 and for the average age is case group 28 (32%) and 50 (68%) for the control group. ADMA titer level for complication of coronary atherosclerosis or case group is (30.1±1.98 ng/ml) which is (13.2±0.57 ng/ml) greater than the control group. It was statistically significant result (p<0.001). Also titer level for case group is oxLDL (72±2.75 mU/l), anti-oxLDL antibody (766±29.8 mU/ml), which is oxLDL (45.1±2.28 mU/l), anti-oxLDL antibody(603±17.74 mU/ml) greater than the control group. It was statistically significant result (p<0.001). But TAC titer level for control group is (116±2.47 nmol/l) which is (108.3±5.43 nmol/l) greater than the case group. It was not statistically significant result (p=0.098). According to the Binary Logistic Regression test the anti-oxLDL (OR=0.992, p<0.001), ADMA (OR=0.681, p<0.001), TAC (OR=1.017, p=0.105), oxLDL (OR=0.900, p<0.001) levels significantly influence the complication of coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore according to the Binary Logistic Regression test the anti-oxLDL level high significantly influence the complication of coronary atherosclerosis. Anti-oxLDL antibody titer are correlated directly with oxLDL (r=0.413, p<0.01), ADMA (r=0.42, p<0.001) levels. However, correlated negative directly with TAC (r=-0.233, p<0.01) level. Markers of endothelial dysfunction (ADMA OR=0.681, p<0.001) and oxidative stress (oxLDL, OR=0.900, p<0.001), (anti-oxLDL antibody, OR=0.992, p<0.001) high influence causing of complication of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Background: In our country, the survey on mental condition of Mongolian elderly, in particularly on assessing the cognitive status has not provided yet. Goal: To determine the cognitive status of elderly and find out some factors which affect on it. Objectives:1. Determine the cognitive ability of Mongolian elderly2. Find out some factors which affect the cognitive ability of elderlyMaterials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, we had chosen randomizily 1 cluster from each 4 economic and geographic regions of Mongolia and Ulaanbaatar city, and totally comprised of 1207 elderly, of which 60 and over for male and 55 and over for female. The cognitive status of survey involved elderly was evaluated by mini mental examination test (MMET).Results: The mean age of survey involved elderly was 68.1±8.1 (68.9±6.5 in male and 65.7±8.5 in female). While 60.3(728) percent of elderly people were normal, 39.7(479) percent of them estimated to have cognitive decline. Out of elderly with cognitive decline, 59.5 percent had slight cognitive impairment, 35.1 percent moderate cognitive impairment and rest 5.4 percent had severe cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment predominantly revealed in female and prevailed more in elderly who live in countryside compared to elderly who live in the city (P<0.001). The cognitive impairment was related to educational background of elderly who had cognitive decline. Along the decline of education estimated higher level of cognitive impairment, as well as 47.5 percent of male and 53.8 percent of female, who had lower education, shared most percentage of cognitive impairment, compared to other educational levels.The cognitive impairment is directly correlated to decline of Activity of daily living and Instrumental activity of daily living of elderly (p<0,0001).Conclusions:1. The decline of cognitive status of elderly is correlated to gender. The educational background, income and family are related to their cognitive impairment.2. Activity of daily living and Instrumental activity of daily living have direct correlation to cognitive impairment of elderly.